Questions >> Forming questions

Structures of questions
If there is an auxiliary (helping) verb (be, have, can, will, etc.) we put it before the subject (he, she, I, etc.)	Is anybody in the office? Have you ever visited London? What time Will they be here?
If there is no auxiliary (helping) verb, we put do, does or did before the subject.	Do you know my older brother? Did he come in time?
We put wh- words (when, where, why, who, how, etc.) at the beginning of the question.	How long have you been waiting for me? Where is their office? Which colour do you like best?
We don't use do, does or did when we use what, which, who or whose as the subject.	What happened to you? Who told you about it?

Questions - common mistakes
Common mistakes	Correct version	Why?
What meant you by saying that?	What did you mean by saying that?	If there is no auxiliary (helping) verb, we put do, does or did before the subject.
You like this film?	Do you like this film?
Where you are going this afternoon?	Where are you going this afternoon?	We put an auxiliary verb before the subject.
You did read the letter?	Did you read the letter?
Who did give you the information?	Who gave you the information?	We don't use do, does or did when we use what, which, who or whose as the subject.
Does he knows your sister?	Does he know your sister?	When there is an auxiliary verb, the main verb is in the infinitive form.
Where will she studies?	Where will she study?
Can you tell me where can I buy a good camera?	Can you tell me where I can buy a good camera?	Word order in indirect question is the same as in a normal sentence: SUBJECT + VERB +...

 

Questions >> Forming indirect questions

Structures of indirect questions
Word order in indirect question is the same as in a normal sentence: SUBJECT + VERB + ...
Direct question	Indirect question
Where can I buy ink for the printer?	Can you tell me where I can buy ink for the printer?
Why do you want to work for our company?	He asked me why I wanted to work for their company.
What is the number of the last invoice?	I am calling to ask you what the number of the last invoice is.
How much did it cost?	Do you know how much it cost?
How did it happen?	Did she tell you how it happened?

Conjunctions

Conjunctions连词

- Used to join words, phrases or sentences. It avoid unnecessary repetition when joining two sentences to

  become one sentence.

- 用来连接词、短语或句子的词。在将两个单句连接成一个复句时必免不必要的重复。

and 和；与；及	- Used to join two equal things or ideas together. 连接两个相等的事物或概念。 ●Carmen can sing and dance. ●Ali and Ahmad are good friends.
but 但是；可是	- Used to join two contrasting/ opposing things or ideas together.   连接两个对比的事物或概念；然而；除了。 ●Ali is hardworking but Ahmad is lazy. ●He was tired but happy.
or 或者；不然	- Used to join two possible choices. 连接两个可能的选择。 ●Do you prefer tea or coffee? ●I must hurry or I will be late for school.
because 因为；由于	- Express reason. 表示理由。 ●He went to the doctor because he was sick.
as	- When; while; because. 当；因为。 ●I met my teacher as I was going to playground. ●They lost their way as it was dark.
since 既然；自从	- From the time that; because. 从那时起到现在；自……以后；即然；因为 ●I have not been to his house since last year.
if 如果；要是	- On the condition that. 假使；如果 ●If you work hard, you will do well in your test. ●Please wash your hands if they are dirty.
when 当；每逢	- If; at the time that. 如果；虽然；每逢；在那时……就 ●He waved his hand when he saw his friend. ●I was sleeping when the telephone rang.
so 因此；所以	- With the result that; there for. 因此；所以 ●He was tired so he went to sleep.
although 虽然；尽管	-  In spite of the fact that; even if. 虽然；尽管；纵使 ●Although they are not rich, they still donate to poor peoples.
though 虽然；尽管	- In spite of the fact that; even if. 虽然；既使；纵然 ●The naughty boy played outside through he knew he will be punished.
even though 纵使；尽管	- In spite of the fact that; even if. 虽然；既使；纵然 ● He did not give up even through he fail for many times.

Preposition

Prepositions介词

- Used to join a noun, pronoun or phrase to another word or phrase in the same sentence to show how

  they are related.

- 用来连接一个句子中的名词、代名词、短语与其他的词语以表示他们之间的联系。

Preposition of Place/ Position 表示地方/位置的介词

at 位于/在	- Where someone or something is. 某人或某物在某个地方。 ●She is at her friend’s house. - Where something happens or goes on. 某件事发生或进行的地点。 ●They are at a concert. - Where someone studies or works. 某人求学或工作的地方。 ●Allen is at college.
in 里面	- Being within a space or an area. 处在一个空间或范围内。 ●They are in the city. ●My mother is in the kitchen. - Being surrounded by something. 被某个东西或物体包围着。 ●I was in the car justnow. ●The ball is in the box. - Being within a surrounding or circumstances. 处在一种周围、境况或情况。 ●Don‘t play in the rain. ●Ali lost his way in the dark.
in front of 前面	- One of the person or thing is behind the other. 其中一个人或事物在另一个的后面。 ●Ali is standing in front of me, I am looking at his hair.
opposite 面对面	- Two things or person are facing each other. 面对面。 ● Ali is standing opposite me, we are looking at each other.
behind 后面	- At the back. 在后面。 ●Stephanie is hiding behind the tree.
on 上面	- In contact with; lying against; supported by. 附在表面；在上面 (碰到) 。 ●The book is on the table.  ●The picture is hanging on the wall.
under   下面	- To or in a position lower than. 下面 ●The cat is under the chair.
beside 旁边	- By the side of; close to; left or right to a person or thing.  旁边 (左；右) ●Michael is sitting beside me in class.
next to 旁边	- By the side of; close to; left or right to a person or thing.  旁边 (左；右) ●Michael is sitting next to me in class.
near 靠近	- Closeness. 靠近 ●The boy is sitting near the table.
between 之间	- In the middle; within two limits of distance or amount. 在中间；在两个距离或数量之间。 ●The distance from my house to school is between one and two kilometers. ●The bottle is between the cup and the glass.
across 在对面	- On the other side of. 在另外那一边 (对面) 。 ●The house across the river is mine.  ●The boy is standing across the street.
by 接近	- Near, at or to the side of. 接近、贴近。 ●Ahmad is standing by the tree.
among 之中	- In the middle of many person or thing. 在多个人或东西之中。 ●Your book is among those books.

Preposition of Direction表示方向的介词

at	- Showing direction. 表示方向。 ●The man is looking at me. ●Do not throw stones at the animals.
to 去	- In the direction of. 向着一个方向。 ●Turn to the right. ●Carmen walks to school everyday.
from 从	- The starting point (place, point, thing or person). 从；开始的地方、点、东西或人。 ●The man jumped from the roof.  ●Siti came from Johor.
into 进入	- Movement from outside to inside. 从外面到里面的动作。 ●Teacher puts the book into his bag. ●She jumped into the swimming pool.
out of 出去	- Movement from inside to outside. 从里面到外面的动作。 ●He is taking a book out of his bag.
up 上去	- To or towards a higher point/place. 向着比较高或上面去。 ●He is climbing up the ladder.
down 下去	- To or towards a lower point/place. 向着比较低或下面去。 ●He is walking down the stairs.
along 沿着	- According through a length. 顺着路沿着走。 ●I walk along the road.
through 通过	- From one end to the other end or in from one side and out from the other side.   通过；穿过；透过；经过；经由。 ●They passed through the forest. ●The thief came in through back door.
across 越过(碰到)	- From one side to the other side (touch). 从一边到对面的一边 (碰到) 。 ●There is a bridge across the river.  ●The dog ran across the road.
over 越过(碰不到)	- From one side to the other side (did not touch). 从一边到对面的一边 (碰不到) 。 ●The boy jumped over the tiny tree.
round 围绕	- Movement in a circle. ●He is cycling round the tree.
above 在…上面	- Higher than. 高过；在…上面。 ●The plane flew above the clouds.
below  下面	- In a position lower than; under. 低过 ；在…下面。 ●The floor is below us. ●The river is below the bridge.
under 下面	- To or in a position lower than. 下面 ●The cat is under the chair.
toward 朝向	- In the direction of. 向着一个方向。 ●Ali walks toward me.
against 靠在	- In contact with. 撞到……， 靠在……， 靠着……。 ●He knocked his head against the wall. ●The ladder is leaning against the wall.
in 在	- The direction of motion or activity. 表示动作或活动的方向。 ●He puts his hands in his pockets.
off 脱离	- Away from; not on. 从；脱离；离开；不在那边。 ●The pen rolled off the table. ●He fell off his bicycle.

Preposition of Time表示时间的介词

at 在	- The exact or specific time when something happens. 动作发生或进行的时刻或时间。 ●He had his lunch at 12 o’clock. ●I will comeback at night.
on 在	- The day or date when something happens. 动作发生或进行的日子或日期。(Sunday…) ●We held an open house on Christmas Day. ●There will be a meeting on 23rd of April.
in 在	- A certain period of time when something happens. 动作发生或进行的那一段时间。 ●I was born in 1984. ●He always goes jogging in the evening.
during 正当	- An action happens all through a period of time. 动作在整段时间里发生或进行。 - Answers the question ‘When?’ 回答有关 ‘什么时候？’ 的问题。 ●One of the player injured during the game.
for	- A length of time when something happens. 表示动作发生或进行的时间长短。 - Answer the question ‘How long?’ 回答有关 ’多久？‘的问题。 ●She was absent for two days.
by 最迟于	- An action which happens not later than a certain time.   动作在必须在不迟于 (早过) 某个时间或时刻发生或进行。 ●We must finish our work by Friday.
until 直到	- An action or a situation which continues and then stops at a certain time.   动作进行或情况延续到某一时间或时刻为止 (结束) 。 ●The clinic opens until 11.00 p.m.
before 之前	- Earlier than. 在……之前。 ●I want to finish my work before lunch. ●Sunday comes before Monday.
after 之后	- Later than; following in time. 在做完一件事以后。 ●We will be going for a walk after dinner. ●Monday comes after Sunday.
since 自从	- From a time until…… 从那时起到…… ●I have not seen him since we left the school.
between 之间	- Within two limits of time. 在中间；在两个时间之间。 ●I will see you between four and five o’clock.

Preposition of Manner表示方式的介词

by 靠/乘…去 由/被	- Manner or method. 方式或方法。 ●The children go to school by bus. ●I took her bag by mistake. - Through the agency, means or instrumentality. 由、遭受、被、以。 ●The picture is drawn by Kamal. ●He makes a living by singing.
with 用	- By ……; using …… 用 ●We swept the floor with a broom. - In the company of 和；一起。 ●He is having dinner with his father.
above 超过/以上	- More than. 多过/超过/以上。 ●The bag weighs above 3kg. ●The contest is only opens to children above 12 years old.
under 少过/以下	- Less than. 少过/以下。 ●They finish their work under an hour.
after 追求	- In pursuit of; in search of. 追求(目的) 。 ●The dog ran after the postman.
at 在	- After an adjective. 在形容词后面。 ●My brother is good at volleyball. - Shows speed, value and rate. 表示速度、价值和价格。 ●The car was running at high speed.
besides 除此之外	- In addition to 除了以外；除此之外。 ●Her father have another car besides this.
for 为了/因为	- Showing the purpose. 表示目的。 ●My mother bought a dress for my sister. - Showing the reason. 表示原因。 ●They work hard for a living.
from 从	- Showing the place, object from which distance and absence is stated. 表示距离、间隔。 ●The school is about 10 km from his house. ●Lily was absent from school. - Showing the giver or sender. 说明赠送者或寄送者。 ●This letter is from my brother. ●He received the prize from headmaster.
in 在里	- Within a manner or condition. 在一种方式或状况里。 ●They left in a hurry. ●The boy is in poor health.
of 的	- Showing the cause. 表示原因。 ●My sister is afraid of the mouse. - Showing possession. 表示拥有。 ●The tyres of his car were stolen. - Showing partition or measure. 表示部份或量度。(和量词一起用) ●I want to buy a bottle of milk. - Showing contents. 表示容量 (里面的东西) 。 ●There is a basket of fruits on the table. ●The bus is full of passengers.
to 到	- As far as 到；直到。 ●Please turn to page 4. - For the purpose of. 表示目的。 ●We go to library to borrow some books. - In comparison with. 比较。 ●I prefer playing basketball to soccer.